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Tuberculosis --- Epidemiology --- Tuberculosis --- Prevention --- Tuberculosis --- Medical economics

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This book takes as a starting point that welfare states in developed societies do not provide systems of social insurance against the risk of an early death. In contrast to the way in which economically developed countries provide ways of insuring citizens against other possibilities, such as unemployment and disease, no such social insurance mechanism exists for early death. It aims to demonstrate that, despite the impossibility to compensate the victims of a short life once they are identified, and despite the impossibility to identify the persons who will be short-lived (when they are still alive), it is nonetheless possible to construct a social insurance against the risk of a short life by means of age-based statistical discrimination favouring all young persons. Combining philosophical literature with economic analysis, the book re-examines the ethical foundations of social insurance, and proposes a major reform of the welfare state: the construction of a social insurance against a short life. It shows how such an insurance system could be constructed by partially ‘reversing’ existing pension systems, by offering a period of retirement to all young adults before they start their career. Such a ‘reversed’ pension system would allocate more free time and opportunities to younger members of society before they enter the labour market, and, hence, this system would also improve the lives of the – unidentified – young persons who will turn out to die prematurely. The book discusses the social desirability of this new system, as well as its financial feasibility and societal consequences, examining how pension allowances paid to young adults may be financed by the work of senior workers. As such, this book demonstrates how the universal uncertainty about the duration of life can be reconciled with the idea of social justice. With an accessible and interdisciplinary approach, this book will be of interest to academics working in a range of fields, including economics, public finance, social insurance, the economics of ageing and the welfare state, economic ethics and political philosophy. Gregory Ponthiere is a Professor of Economics and Philosophy at the Université catholique de Louvain, Hoover Chair in Economic and Social Ethics. .

Labour economics --- Public finance --- Public economics --- Economics --- Hygiene. Public health. Protection --- economie --- gezondheidseconomie --- arbeid --- sociale interventies --- overheidsfinanciën --- Finance, Public. --- Labor economics. --- Population—Economic aspects. --- Medical economics. --- Public Finance. --- Public Economics. --- Labor and Population Economics. --- Health Economics.

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This book explores the emerging economic reality of health data pools from the perspective of European Union policy and law. The contractual sharing of health data for research purposes is giving rise to a free movement of research data, which is strongly encouraged at European policy level within the Digital Single Market Strategy. However, it has also a strong impact on data subjects fundamental right to data protection and smaller businesses and research entities ability to carry out research and compete in innovation markets. Accordingly the work questions under which conditions health data sharing is lawful under European data protection and competition law. For these purposes, the work addresses the following sub-questions: i) which is the emerging innovation paradigm in digital health research?; ii) how are health data pools addressed at European policy level?; iii) do European data protection and competition law promote health data-driven innovation objectives, and how?; iv) which are the limits posed by the two frameworks to the free pooling of health data? The underlying assumption of the work is that both branches of European Union law are key regulatory tools for the creation of a common European health data space as envisaged in the Commissions 2020 European strategy for data. It thus demonstrates that both European data protection law, as defined under the General Data Protection Regulation, and European competition law and policy set research enabling regimes regarding health data, provided specific normative conditions are met. From a further perspective, both regulatory frameworks place external limits to the freedom to share (or not share) research valuable data. .

Economics --- European law --- Industrial and intellectual property --- Hygiene. Public health. Protection --- economie --- intellectueel eigendomsrecht --- gezondheidseconomie --- Europees recht --- Europe --- Information technology --- Mass media --- Law --- Medical economics. --- IT Law, Media Law, Intellectual Property. --- European Law. --- Health Economics. --- Law and legislation. --- Europe.

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“If a colleague had asked me about an interesting topic that has not been researched, I would have recommended writing a book about Danish Capitalism. The reason is that Denmark is always held up as an example of a highly successful society that everyone wants to emulate, including Americans. Stefan Kirkegaard Sløk-Madsen has produced a masterpiece on Danish Capitalism, and it is written for a non-Danish audience. This is a must-read for all those interested in lessons for the 21st Century from the 20th Century. A great read and an important one.” (— Zoltan Acs, Professor at the Schar School of Policy and Government and Director of the Center for Entrepreneurship and Public Policy at George Mason University) This book outlines the origins of Danish Capitalism and prosperity, from a poor and devastated minor state in the 19th century to a consolidated universal mixed economy welfare state at the end of the 20th century. The book argues that firm-based innovation drove Danish prosperity and redistributive capacity. It is a comprehensive but manageable examination of the institutions and choices that shaped a highly innovative and wealthy nation. The book relies on history and economic theory, presents commonly accepted narratives and theories, and contributes new explanations. Therefore, the book also traces both antecedents and the current state of 20th-century capitalism in Denmark and particular outcomes and critical institutions such as firm age, the labor market, and pension schemes. The book will be of interest to academics in business history and economic policy, as well as policymakers and all those interested in mixed economy studies. Dr. Stefan Kirkegaard Sløk-Madsen holds a Ph.D. in economics from Copenhagen Business School (CBS). He has been a visiting researcher at UBC Sauder School of Business and is an external lecturer at CBS and Aalborg University. He has published in peer-reviewed journals and presented his academic work at several international conferences. He has an industry background as a tech entrepreneur and in operational private equity and has consulted for many companies on issues such as M&A, pricing, and sales. He is currently Head of Education at the economic think tank CEPOS and hosts a popular podcast series on the history of economic thought, EconRoots.

Economic order --- Economic growth --- Economic conditions. Economic development --- Economics --- Hygiene. Public health. Protection --- Accountancy --- Corporate finance --- World history --- bedrijven --- economie --- financiering --- gezondheidseconomie --- economische groei --- economische geschiedenis --- economische ontwikkelingen --- bedrijfsbeleid --- Economic history. --- Economics. --- Medical economics. --- Economic development. --- Business enterprises --- Economic History. --- Health Economics. --- Economic Growth. --- Corporate Finance. --- Finance.